Everything about The Gibe Region totally explained
The
Gibe region is used to indicate a historic region in modern southwestern
Ethiopia, to the west of the
Gibe and
Omo Rivers, and north of the
Gojeb. It was the location of the former
Oromo and
Sidama kingdoms of
Gera,
Gomma,
Garo,
Gumma,
Jimma, and
Limmu-Ennarea.
To the north of the Gibe region lay the
Macha tribe of the Oromo.
Until the mid
1500s, this region was part of the
Sidama kingdom of
Ennarea,
Hadiya,
Janjero and
Kaffa, tributary states to the Ethiopian
Solomonic dynasty. The area was separated however, when the Oromo migrated into the area, destroying Hadiya, isolating Janjero, and reduced the area of Enerea and Kaffa. In the Gibe region, the Oromo came under the cultural influence of the kingdom of Kaffa, from whom they borrowed the concept of hereditary kingship (called
Moti in all of the kingdoms except Limmu-Enerea, where for historical reasons the king was known as the
Supera), and the practice of delimiting the boundaries or frontier of their states with a system of physical barriers.
These barriers consisted of palisades or dead hedges, which could extend for miles, separated from the barriers of the neighboring kingdom by a neutral strip (called
moga), which was left uncultivated and inhabited only by brigands and outlaws. Access into each kingdom was limited to guarded gates known as
kella, where tolls were levied
These kingdoms had an economy based on exports of
gold,
civet musk,
coffee, and
slaves. G.W.B. Huntingford explains that slaves were taken in raids on the Macha tribe to the north, and in raids on the Sidamo kingdoms of Kaffa and Janjero; he also cites evidence to show that 7,000 people a year were sold each year, some to people inside Ethiopia, and some outside that country.
The Gibe region, with the rest of southwestern Ethiopia, was almost entirely annexed between
1886 and
1900 in a series of conquests by the generals of Emperor
Menelik II. The kingdom of Jimma, through skillful diplomacy, managed to delay this fate until the death of its king
Abba Jifar II in 1932.
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